What are the legal consequences of a litigant's failure to attend a court session or refusal to answer, despite being duly notified?

According to Article (21), paragraphs (2) and (3) of the Law of Evidence, a litigant's failure to appear for interrogation without an acceptable excuse, or their refusal to answer without a valid justification, authorizes the court to draw such inferences as it deems appropriate. The court may accept evidence by witness testimony and presumptions in circumstances where it would otherwise not be permissible, and non-appearance can be considered a judicial presumption against the defaulting litigant.