What are the methods of proving the validity of a claim in the face of denial, and what is the probative value of presumptions inferred from prior documents?

The validity of a claim can be proven by presenting prior documents issued by one of the parties in consideration of settled obligations, and by comparing these documents with other unsettled documents bearing the same distinctive marks (such as a seal). This comparison is considered a presumption (qareenah) and evidence (bayyinah) of the claim's validity, and it strengthens the plaintiff's position in proving their entitlement.