What is the probative value of private instruments, such as invoices, in proving commercial rights, and what is the procedural effect of the absence of the notified litigant in the lawsuit?

Private instruments, such as invoices bearing an acknowledgment stamp, are probative against the person to whom they are attributed unless that person explicitly denies what is attributed to them, and they are considered evidence of the entitlement to the claim. In the event of the notified litigant's absence from the session, the judicial panel decides that the case is ready for judgment and closes the pleadings. The proceedings are deemed to be in their presence, and from this, the court infers what it deems appropriate in assessing the evidence, in accordance with Article (29), Paragraph (1) of the Law of Evidence, Article (30), Paragraph (1) of the Law of Commercial Courts, and Article (21), Paragraphs (2) and (3) of the Law of Evidence.